“I have one piece of advice for scientists and science communicators: your references matter. They are the evidence that we even have giants supporting us. All scientific claims should be referenced.”

From the USTC, I recently learned that only 30% of books published between 1450 and 1700 have been scanned — and fewer than 5% translated (most are in Latin). So, we have some work to do: https://www.ancientwisdomtrust.org/

> Like many of his predecessors, Reverend Stone believed that the remedy to a malady could be found close to the cause. That is, if people were becoming sick in a certain place, there should be a plant or other remedy nearby.

Huh, this paragraph caught me - I was recently involved with a group using large-scale environmental metagenomic sampling to try to find good candidates for a drug discovery pipeline. The working theory was that bacteria use chemicals to fight off attackers, and if the bacteria was going to produce potentially lethal amounts of a substance designed to kill other bacteria, it would need a "sink" for that substance as well, and that would likely be co-located in the genome (so when the gene for the dangerous chemical gets activated, its sink is likely to get activated as well) - so, find something in the metagenomic library that looks like the substance causing you problems, and then look nearby for something that might be a cure. Funny to revisit this kind of observational thinking from a more modern perspective.

Wasn't this on HN recently?

Salicylic acid from willow bark has been known for millennia. But the side effects to the stomach are not good. Aspirin came along when enough was known about the chemistry to try to deal with the side effects. Aspirin is salicylic acid with an acetyl group hung on to reduce the side effects.

Tweaking small molecule drugs to work better or have fewer side effects is common today. Aspirin was one of the first early successes.

wow interesting!